objective(s): drug addiction is one of the fastest growing social problems that researchers, for many years, have been trying to find proper strategies for its prevention and treatment. short-term physical activity is considered as acceptable for the treatment and prevention of addiction. on the other hand, prefrontal cortex is known to be responsible for many of the complex behavioral response...

purpose: to evaluate the range of accommodation lag and it's signs and symptoms in 20-25 year-old female students at zahedan medical school, iran. methods: three-hundred female students were enrolled for assessment of accommodation. after exclusion of individuals with individuals with accommodation disorders in 3 steps including amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, and relat...

in schizophrenia, neurocognitive functions are one to two standard deviations below the normal controls and these deficits have a significant relationship with overall functioning and poor outcome. according to this fact, it is important to investigate the factors that effect neurocognition in schizophrenic patients. this study was carried out to demonstrate the relationship between attention/v...

objective: medically unexplained symptoms are physical symptoms, which cannot be explained by organic ‎causes. this study aimed to investigate mental health in patients with medically unexplained ‎physical symptoms. ‎ method: one hundred outpatients who were admitted to the electro diagnosis clinic of imam khomeini ‎hospital, ahvaz/iran, participated in this study. data were collected using phy...

context worldwide prevalence of respiratory diseases, suffering from such diseases, and heavy cost of treatment, which all may result from lack of etiological understanding of these diseases in modern medicine, were the main factors to conduct the current study. in the present study, the causes and symptoms of asthma were evaluated and compared with those of some other respiratory diseases. ira...

introduction : although oral cancer is amenable for early detection, it often presents as advanced disease in many of patients. long-lasting ulcer or mucosal discoloration has been described as the key to an early diagnosis; however other symptoms may also exist. the present study aims to describe the frequency of the early symptoms in oral cancer patients, with a special focus on pain. materia...

objective: the aim of the present study was to evaluate unstimulated salivary flow rate and oral symptoms in menopausal women. materials and methods: a total of 200 individuals including 100 women in their menopause (case group) and 100 men in the same age range (control group) participated in this analytic descriptive investigation. none of the patients were being treated for any systemic dise...

background: irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders which includes the majority section of general practitioners or gastroenterologists visits. the type or prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of the syndrome may be different among males and females. we decided to assess and compare the frequency of different signs and symptoms of ibs in men a...

background: hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder in hypothalamic-pituitary axis and has been reported in variable levels in patients with overt primary hypothyroidism. we decided to determine the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and clinical related symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. methods: in this cross sectional study, prolactin levels of 481 subclinical hy...

An important issue in the use of expert systems is the so-called brittleness problem. Expert systems model only a limited part of the world. While the explicit management of uncertainty in expert systems mitigates the brittleness problem, it is still possible for a system to be used, unwittingly, in ways that the system is not prepared to address. Such situation may be detected by the method of...